The Ultimate Resource for Entering This In-Demand Career
Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning technicians are modern stewards of human comfort. These professionals install and maintain heating and cooling systems for homes and workplaces.
HVAC technology is becoming more and more popular as a career. HVAC students learn everything they need to secure a job and excel in the field. Read on to learn more about how to become an HVAC professional.
FAQ on HVAC Training Schools and Programs
Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning technicians are responsible for the installation and maintenance of heating and cooling systems in residences and corporations. During HVAC training, students can expect to learn everything they need to secure a job and excel in the field.
Students have three options when it comes to HVAC training. Students should choose the option that works best with their different schedules, budgets, and learning and personal needs. Most programs take around two years to complete. Still, they can range from six months and five years (for apprenticeships).
With the constant demand for temperature control in both residential and commercial spaces, HVAC professionals are always needed. To successfully pursue an education in this field, learners should be aware of the best HVAC training programs available to them. In addition to in-person training, those who want to learn the fundamentals of HVAC systems can gain HVAC training through an online certification program. These certifications suit those looking for entry-level positions or early-stage wage increases.
With the increasingly complex nature of heating and cooling systems, career opportunities are growing for professionals in this field. Those with HVAC training can expect a 4% job growth from 2019-2029, according to the VU.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Most HVAC technicians work in homes, schools, office buildings, hospitals, and factories. Competency in computers and electronics is encouraged to get ahead in the field. As technicians progress through their career, many HVAC technicians specialize in installation, maintenance, or repair.
HVAC Training at a Glance
Students can undergo HVAC training through a technical school, a community college, or an apprenticeship program. All options hold value. Regardless of program type, HVAC training teaches students how to install and maintain heating, cooling, and ventilation systems.
Technicians should gain a deep understanding of the mechanics involved and the design, troubleshooting, and physical requirements of the job. Job opportunities for graduates include HVAC technician, designer, manufacturer, and HVAC company owner.
John Gorrie is considered a father of air conditioning and refrigeration. He advocated for suspending ice from the ceilings of patients' rooms to make their rooms more comfortable.
After inventor Willis Carrier designed an air conditioning unit for movie theaters, Americans of every class were able to enjoy the comfort provided by the machine.
It's becoming increasingly popular for new homes to be retrofitted with more efficient energy systems. Geothermal and energy management and storage systems can reduce energy usage even in peak summer hours.
HVAC technicians who understand computer systems and troubleshooting tend to enjoy higher employment rates. Many companies struggle to find and retain technicians to work with the increasingly complex systems.
How to Become an HVAC Technician: Education and Training
Below, we break down HVAC programs offered through career and technical schools, community colleges, and apprenticeship programs..
Career and Technical School
Time to Complete: 2 years
Credential Earned: Certificate (opportunities for licensure available)
Career and technical HVAC programs make sure students build the skills to succeed. Learners also gain the knowledge to pass certifications such as the EPA 608 exam. Subjects include Freon recovery legislation, air conditioning (cooling), air conditioning (heating), and troubleshooting. Career and technical schools entail 250-300 credit hours. Students who cannot maintain traditional schedules can choose between day and night classes.
Below is a list of common courses for HVAC professionals. These courses teach students to operate, repair, and install heating and cooling systems. Students also learn the laws and legislation that impact installation and disposal.
Sample Courses
This entry-level course teaches students basic HVAC electrical terminology. It also covers component identification and equipment functions.Basic Electricity
This course presents the methods of evacuating, recharging, recovering, and disposing. This applies to refrigerants and tubing and piping in HVAC systems. It also covers proper methods of configuring and connecting pipes or tubing.Fundamental HVAC Maintenance
This course introduces students to residential refrigeration, freezers, and portable air conditioning units. Coursework addresses operation, maintenance and troubleshooting of chilled water air conditioning systems.Domestic Appliances and Cold Water AC
This two-day course helps students become Duct and Envelope Tightness (DET) Verifiers.DET Training
Community College
Time to Complete: 6 months - 2 years
Credential Earned: Associate degree or certificate, depending on school program
Students with high school diplomas or GED certificates can pursue HVAC training at a community college. Community colleges are like technical schools. They make sure graduates know how to work on a variety of heating systems. Community college programs also explore heat load calculation and system design. Students learn about air duct fabrication and calculation as well. Learners should consider their educational goals when looking into community college HVAC programs. The most common community college program leads to an associate of occupational studies. Some may also provide technician certificates.
Read on for a sampling of community college course options. Lower-level courses cover basic heating systems. Higher-level ones explore specific methods of heating and cooling.
Sample Courses
This course teaches why natural gas is such an efficient fuel. It also teaches about the inner workings of gas-fueled furnace systems.Gas Heating Systems
This course teaches learners to troubleshoot different HVAC systems. It covers the chokepoints where systems fail. It also explores how to fix systems in adverse conditions.HVAC Diagnostics
This course teaches students about the different types of systems. Simple systems include thermostats. Complex, computer-controlled systems can manage microclimates within giant structures.System Controls
This course develops a knowledge of mechanical, fuel, gas, plumbing, and electrical codes. These apply to HVAC applications.Building Mechanical Codes
Apprenticeship Program
Time to Complete: Approximately 5 years
Credential Earned: Journeyman status
Apprenticeship programs are offered by both trade unions and privately owned businesses. Apprentices must complete approximately 8,000-10,000 hours of training, and in some cases are also required to attend related instruction courses. During this time apprentices learn the ins-and-outs of the HVAC trade. They are often paid foTrade unions and private businesses may offer apprenticeship programs. Apprentices must complete 8,000-10,000 hours of training. In some cases, they must attend related instruction courses. During this time, apprentices learn the ins-and-outs of the HVAC trade. They often receive pay for their labor at an apprentice rate. Apprentices may work their way up to a journeyman's rate throughout the course of the program. Apprentices must be age 18 or older. They should hold a high school diploma or GED certificate. Apprentices must perform physical tasks and pass an entry examination.
Many apprenticeship programs incorporate classroom elements into HVAC training. The following list highlights skills specific to apprenticeships.
Skills Learned
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1
Safety
During an apprenticeship, students learn work practices that follow state and federal law.
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2
Installation and Service of Equipment
Apprentices learn to install and service furnaces, boilers, and heat pump. They also learn about air conditioning and indoor air quality equipment.
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3
Duct Work (Sheet metal â Airflow)
Students learn to set grills and registers. They also learn to supply and return duct systems, exhaust fan ducts, and airflow testing.
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4
Tools Knowledge
Apprenticeship students learn to handle power drills, benders, and snips. They can also operate saws, hand tools, torches, and sheet metal fabricating machines.
Choosing an HVAC Training Program: Must-Have List
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Accreditation
Accreditation ensures that a program's curriculum meets national standards. Accreditation demonstrates that a technician underwent rigorous training and understands the trade. Non-accredited programs can waste resources, as they do not hold the same educational value. Programmatic accreditation comes from organizations such as HVAC Excellence and Building Performance Institute, Inc.
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Certificates/Licensure
HVAC technicians must obtain a certificate or license before they can legally work in most states. Prospective students should research the preparatory courses offered by a program. Learners should compare this curriculum with required state licenses.
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Hour Requirements
Different institutions stipulate different minimum credit requirements. This requirement can affect everything from tuition to scheduling. It's important for students to be realistic about how much time they can commit to their education./p>
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Entrance Exams
Some programs require an entrance or competency exam. If a program does have an entrance exam, keep track of the deadlines and costs.
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Pre-Requisites
In addition to entrance exams, most programs have age, experience, and high school education requirements. Make sure you meet all prerequisites before applying to a program.
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Tuition Costs
Technical schools and community colleges come with a price tag. Make sure the program you choose is affordable.
Technical School vs. Apprenticeship Training
HVAC training options include community college, technical school, and apprenticeship programs. Choosing can feel overwhelming. Students should consider the benefits of each option when making this decision.
Technical School
- Provides a direct path and preparation to certification and licensure.
- Flexible scheduling with day or night programs available.
- Ideal for those who prefer to learn in classrooms.
Apprenticeship
- Apprentices earn wages, though not high at first.
- Offers dental, health, and other benefits.
- Involves on-the-job training, ideal for tactile learners.
Opportunities for HVAC Technicians: Career and Salary Outlook
Given the increasingly complex nature of heating and cooling systems, career opportunities for HVAC professionals are growing.
Heating, air conditioning, and refrigeration mechanics and installers can expect an average job growth rate (4%) from 2019-2029, according to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). Most HVAC technicians work as plumbing, heating, and air-conditioning contractors. As technicians progress through their career, they may specialize in installation, maintenance, or repair.
| Industry | Employment | Average Hourly Wage | Average Annual Wage (15) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Building Equipment Contractors | 249,430 | $24 | $50,400 |
| Merchant Wholesalers, Durable Goods | 10,650 | $26 | $53,970 |
| Direct Selling Establishments | 9,820 | $25 | $51,510 |
| Commercial and Industrial Machinery and Equipment | 7,280 | $26 | $54,740 |
| Colleges, University, and Professional Schools | 6,200 | $26 | $54,870 |
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (2014)
| State | Employment | Employment per 1,000 Jobs |
|---|---|---|
| Delaware | 1,780 | 3.94 |
| Idaho | 2,670 | 3.67 |
| Florida | 2,670 | 3.67 |
| Florida | 31,710 | 3.61 |
| Maine | 2,120 | 3.47 |
| Arizona | 9,600 | 3.35 |
| Rank | State | Avg Annual Income |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | District of Columbia | $71,940 |
| 2 | Alaska | $68,340 |
| 3 | Connecticut | $64,900 |
| 4 | Massachusetts | $63,260 |
| 5 | Hawaii | $61,480 |
Licenses and Certifications for HVAC Technicians
Due to the toxic and volatile nature of the materials and systems HVAC technicians work with, some certifications are either required or strongly encouraged for professionals to enter the field. Some are specific to state or federal law. Others focus on honing skills that make professionals more competent and qualified.
There are three specializations for this exam: small appliances, high-pressure refrigerants, and low-pressure refrigerants. Technicians applying for this certification must choose a specialization.
Essential Skills and Experience for HVAC Technicians
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1
Monitoring Operations
HVAC professionals must understand how to read gauges, dials, and other indicators to determine whether something is wrong with a heating or cooling system. Knowing how to monitor these indicators is integral to performing the duties of an HVAC technician.
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2
Familiarity with Design
Few associate the design of technical blueprints with HVAC technicians, but knowledge of this subject is vital to the HVAC trade. Understanding design tells technicians more about the machines they are working on.
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3
Quality Control Analytics
Quality control is essential to building client relationships and a reputation as a reliable HVAC technician. Technicians who demonstrate their knowledge and competency in a clear, measurable manner impress current and future clients.
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4
Reasoning
Not every solution to an air conditioning or heating problem has a textbook answer. It is important for HVAC technicians to have both inductive and deductive reasoning skills.
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5
Communication Skills
Customer relationships are built on good communication. Positive business relationships calls for effective communication of issues and solutions.
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6
Physical Ability
Working as an HVAC technician requires being in tight quarters. These may be outside or in uncomfortable indoor settings, especially if the heating or cooling system is broken. Having the physical capability to complete these tasks is important to becoming a successful technician.
Advice from the Field: Expert Interview
Dan Fleischer, owner of Dan's Heating and Cooling Inc.
Las Vegas, NV
Q. Where did you receive your education?
I received my education at the EC Goodwin Technical School in New Britain, Connecticut.
Q. What expectations of the field did you have as a student? How did that change after entering the field?
My life changed when I was able to do work as journeyman status in the field, and I was able to do hands-on work and earn a respectable living. They took me from the ground floor up to working status, [and] I've never been unemployed since the day I left school in 1977. My family has benefited immensely with private school, music lessons, and no students loans for college. Coming from a small town, you can't ask for much better than that.
Q. What was the best piece of advice anyone has ever given you regarding the HVAC profession?
The best advice that I received from our previous generations (or mentors) that was involved in the air conditioning field is that the minute you put your name on the side of your truck, you are now taking responsibility for their comfort and health.
Additional Resources for HVAC Techs
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Air Conditioning Contractors of America
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Air Conditioning, Heating, and Refrigeration Institute
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American Boiler Makers Association
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ASHRAE: Shaping Tomorrow's Built Environment Today
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EPA.gov: Section 608 Technician Certification Programs
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International Institute of Refrigeration
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RSES: The HVACR Training Authority
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Sheet Metal and Air Conditioning Contractors' National Association
Best HVAC Training Programs
With the constant demand for temperature control in both residential and commercial spaces, HVAC professionals are always needed. To successfully pursue an education in this field, students should learn about the best HVAC training programs available to them.
We considered all schools offering HVAC training to rank the top programs in the country. Our ranking accounts for variables such as cost, financial aid, graduation rate, and student-to-teacher ratios. View our list of the top HVAC training programs below.
#1 How to Become a Heating, Ventilation, and Air conditioning Technician
Altierus Career College-Tampa
Tampa, FL - 2 years
- Campus
Altierus Career College-Tampa is a private institution that offers an HVAC program. The school delivers many programs in online and on-campus formats. These flexible remote programs are a great option for those unable to move for their education.
HVAC programs at the associate or certificate level feature coursework exploring relevant theories and practical knowledge. These programs qualify individuals to apply to entry-level HVAC positions after graduation. To increase their earning potential, graduates can pursue bachelor's studies after earning their associate degree or certificate.
Altierus Career College-Tampa at a Glance:
Number of Associate Programs: 4
Number of Associate Programs Available Online: Data not available
Number of Certificate Programs: 7
Number of Certificate Programs Available Online: Data not available
#2 How to Become a Heating, Ventilation, and Air conditioning Technician
University of Cincinnati-Main Campus
Cincinnati, OH - 4 years
- Online + Campus
To qualify for HVAC careers, learners can enroll in the HVAC program at University of Cincinnati-Main Campus. Although the school's campus is located in Cincinnati, Ohio, students can attend classes online from any location with internet access. Learners with full-time jobs often study online because of the increased flexibility remote learning offers.
In addition to coursework, the HVAC program features practical training opportunities to prepare participants for work in the field. With the knowledge and skills developed during their training, individuals can enter the workforce immediately after graduation. Graduates can also choose to transfer to a bachelor's program for continued education and expanded opportunities, often with a reduced course load or fewer prerequisites.
University of Cincinnati-Main Campus at a Glance:
Number of Associate Programs: 2
Number of Associate Programs Available Online: 1
Number of Certificate Programs: 79
Number of Certificate Programs Available Online: 6
#3 How to Become a Heating, Ventilation, and Air conditioning Technician
Northern Michigan University
Marquette, MI - 4 years
- Online + Campus
With associate and certificate programs in HVAC, Northern Michigan University maintains a campus in Marquette. With technical, subject-specific classes, the HVACR technology program prepare students to succeed in entry-level roles. Before pursuing employment, graduates can also earn a bachelor's degree, which can increase career opportunities.
Enrollees not based near campus can pursue the school's programs online. Additionally, many online HVAC programs allow students to complete coursework at their convenience, which can be ideal for learners with personal or professional responsibilities. Prospective applicants should look into the associate and certificate programs offered and see if any meet their needs.
Northern Michigan University at a Glance:
Number of Associate Programs: 26
Number of Associate Programs Available Online: 2
Number of Certificate Programs: 20
Number of Certificate Programs Available Online: Data not available
#4 How to Become a Heating, Ventilation, and Air conditioning Technician
Ferris State University
Big Rapids, MI - 4 years
- Online + Campus
Ferris State University is a public institution in Big Rapids, Michigan, that offers many programs in online and on-campus formats. Flexible online programs allow learners to attend classes without relocating. One option includes a bachelor's in heating, ventilation, air conditioning, and refrigeration.
Coursework covers relevant theories and practical knowledge. This training is usually sufficient to begin entry-level jobs in HVAC and related fields. Graduates can also continue their education to qualify for higher-level positions in the field.
Ferris State University at a Glance:
Number of Associate Programs: 47
Number of Associate Programs Available Online: 1
Number of Certificate Programs: 57
Number of Certificate Programs Available Online: 14